by Types of Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
NSAIDs are one of the most commonly used types of anti-inflammatory drugs. Some common NSAIDs include ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), ketoprofen, and celecoxib (Celebrex). NSAIDs work by blocking the production of prostaglandins, chemicals in the body that promote pain and inflammation. As a class, NSAIDs are effective at reducing pain, swelling, stiffness, and fever. However, all NSAIDs carry some risk of side effects like stomach irritation or ulcers.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids, also known as steroids or cortisone, are potent Anti-inflammatory Drugs medications. They are naturally produced in the body by the adrenal glands but can also be synthesized and administered as medications. Common corticosteroid drugs include prednisone and methylprednisolone. Corticosteroids work differently than NSAIDs by reducing the body’s overall immune response. While very effective at treating inflammation, corticosteroids can cause side effects if taken long-term like weight gain, mood changes, high blood pressure, and increased risk of infection. They are usually only recommended for short-term use.
Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)
DMARDs are a class of drugs used primarily to treat rheumatoid arthritis. They work differently than NSAIDs by modifying the disease process itself rather than just treating symptoms. Common DMARDs include methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, and leflunomide. While DMARDs have strong anti-inflammatory properties, they may take 4-6 months to have their full effect and also have potential risks like lowered immunity and liver toxicity with long-term use. Anti-inflammatory Drugs DMARDs are usually combined with other medications for best symptom relief and prevention of joint damage over the long run.
Anti-inflammatory Drug Side Effects
Gastrointestinal Issues
All NSAIDs increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects to some degree. Celebrated in particular can cause more stomach bleeding and ulcers than other NSAIDs. Long-term high dose usage of certain NSAIDs may require prescription acid reducers and monitoring. Symptoms like persistent stomach pain, black stools or vomiting blood should prompt medical attention.
Cardiovascular Risk
Long-term daily use of certain NSAIDs has been linked to a small increased risk of heart attack and stroke due to their blood pressure and platelet effects. This risk tends to be higher in those with pre-existing heart or vascular disease. Novel NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors were developed to reduce stomach risks but still carry possible heart concerns.
Kidney Issues
Chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury requiring hospitalization have been reported with certain NSAID medications, including ketoprofen and diclofenac, especially in elderly patients or those with pre-existing kidney conditions. Regular monitoring may be recommended for high-risk patients on long term NSAID therapy.
Liver Toxicity
Certain drugs like acetaminophen (Tylenol) and some DMARDs in high doses can potentially cause liver damage or hepatitis. Annual liver enzyme blood tests may be recommended for those on medication that carries liver risks. Symptoms like abdominal pain, nausea, fatigue and jaundice would require prompt evaluation.
Other Side Effects
Common side effects of corticosteroids and DMARDs may include mood changes, headaches, skin rashes, hair loss, easy bruising, and menstrual irregularities. Co-prescription of ulcer drugs and disease monitoring can help minimize adverse effects during long-term anti-inflammatory treatment. However, no drug is perfectly safe and individual risk-benefit assessment is always recommended.
Alternatives to Medications
Lifestyle Changes
Making adjustments to diet, exercise, sleep habits and stress management can offer natural relief from chronic inflammation and associated pain for some individuals. A healthy balanced diet focusing on whole foods, regular moderate exercise to keep joints and muscles toned, and relaxation techniques have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects. While not a replacement, lifestyle tweaks paired with proper medical supervision may help lower medication needs in some cases.
Physical Therapy and Bracing
Physiotherapy modalities like heat therapy, massage, stretching and low-impact exercise prescribed by a physical therapist can often treat initial muscle and joint discomfort without drugs. Assistive devices like braces, compression wraps, tapes and yoga/back supports may also aid by providing stability and limiting exacerbating movements. Proper biomechanics is key to preventing future injury and recurrence of pain.
Alternative Modalities
Some find relief from inflammation through complimentary and alternative modalities like acupuncture, chiropractic, topical creams containing arnica or curcumin extract. When used alongside conventional treatments, options like mind-body practices of yoga, tai chi, meditation may provide holistic benefits as well. However, alternative therapies should never replace prescription anti-inflammatories without medical consent, especially when serious inflammatory disease is involved.
Anti-inflammatory medications remain an important tool for treating many painful inflammatory conditions when used properly under medical guidance. However, possible side effects with long-term daily use, especially stomach or kidney issues and cardiovascular concerns, warrant close monitoring and ways to lower doses if possible. Lifestyle modification and adjunct minimally-invasive therapies may aid in this goal. A multi-modal approach emphasizing preventative strategies for joint health is often most successful in keeping unwanted flare-ups at bay without dependency on drugs alone
*Note:
1. Source: Coherent Market Insights, Public sources, Desk research
2. We have leveraged AI tools to mine information and compile it
About Author - Ravina Pandya
Ravina Pandya, Content Writer, has a strong foothold in the market research industry. She specializes in writing well-researched articles from different industries, including food and beverages, information and technology, healthcare, chemical and materials, etc. With an MBA in E-commerce, she has an expertise in SEO-optimized content that resonates with industry professionals. LinkedIn Profile
